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The Life of Mrs. Rosa L. Parks
The Montgomery Bus Boycott The Renaissance of Downtown Montgomery
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The Life of Rosa ParksRosa Louise McCauley was born on February 4, 1913, in Tuskegee, Alabama to James and Leona McCauley. At age two her family moved to Pine Level, Alabama, to live with her maternal grandparents. Her mother, a school teacher, taught Rosa at home until age eleven
when she
moved to Montgomery to live with her aunt. She enrolled in a private school, the
Montgomery Industrial School for Girls, where she cleaned classrooms to pay her tuition.
Later she attended Booker T. Washington High School but was forced to leave to take care
of her sick mother. In 1932 she married Raymond Parks, to whom she would remain married
until his death in 1977. Though Raymond had very little formal education, he was
self-taught and supported his wife
’
s desire to return to school to receive her high
school diploma, which she did in 1934.
Mrs. Parks worked as a seamstress at a Montgomery department store in 1955. On December 1 of that year she boarded a city bus and sat in a row at the front of the " colored " section. The whites only section in the front of the bus filled up and a white man was left standing. The bus driver demanded that Mrs. Parks and three other patrons in the colored section give up their seats so the white man could sit. The other three people moved but Mrs. Parks had been pushed around enough and refused to yield her seat. She was arrested when the bus driver contacted the police and filed charges against her. Four days later she was found guilty of disorderly conduct and the Montgomery Bus Boycott began. Over a year later the city was served with papers declaring segregation of bus service unconstitutional. The next day Mrs. Parks boarded a bus and for the first time was allowed to sit in any unoccupied seat. Her ordeal however was not over. She had lost her seamstress job and was unable to find work. Her family was harassed and threatened. In 1957, she moved along with her mother and husband to Detroit where her younger brother Sylvester lived. In 1965 she joined the staff of U.S. Representative John Conyers of Michigan and worked there until her retirement in 1988. Mrs. Parks traveled the country extensively, lecturing on civil rights. Through the Rosa and Raymond Parks Institute for Self-Development, a non-profit organization she co-founded with Elaine Steele in 1987, she works with young people to help them achieve their full potential. She received honorary degrees from nearly a dozen colleges and universities and has received countless honors and awards. On April 22, 1998, she attended the groundbreaking ceremonies for the Troy State University Montgomery Rosa Parks Library and Museum to be located on the spot she was arrested. On December 1, 2000, She once again came to Montomery to participate in the grand opening of the Rosa Parks Library and Museum, dedicated in her honor. She and her family were the first to tour the new library and museum. |
